Interactions between breathiness and roughness (Park et al., 2022)

Purpose: Dysphonic voices typically present multiple voice quality dimensions. This study investigated potential interactions between perceived breathiness and roughness and their contributions to overall dysphonia severity.

Method: Synthetic stimuli based on four talkers were created to systematically map out potential interactions. For each talker, a stimulus matrix composed of 49 stimuli (seven breathiness steps × seven roughness steps) was created by varying aspiration noise and open quotient to manipulate breathiness and superimposing amplitude modulation of varying depths to simulate roughness. One-dimensional matching (1DMA) and magnitude estimation (1DME) tasks were used to measure perceived breathiness, roughness, their potential interactions, and overall dysphonia severity. Additional 1DME tasks were used to assess a set of natural stimuli that varied along both breathiness and roughness.

Results: For the synthetic stimuli, the 1DMA task indicated little interaction between the two voice qualities. For the 1DME task, breathiness magnitude was influenced by roughness step to a greater extent than roughness magnitude was influenced by breathiness step. The additive contributions of breathiness and roughness to overall severity gradually diminished with increasing breathiness and roughness steps, possibly reflecting a ceiling effect in the 1DME task. For the natural stimuli, little consistent interaction was observed between breathiness and roughness.

Conclusions: The matching task revealed minimal interaction between perceived breathiness and roughness, whereas the magnitude estimation task revealed some interaction between the two qualities and their cumulative contributions to overall dysphonia severity. Task differences are discussed in terms of differences in response bias and the role of perceptual anchors.

Supplemental Materials S1–S9: Synthetic stimuli examples modeled after one talker (Talker 003; see Table 1) in 3 breathiness steps × 3 roughness steps. Note: B = breathiness; R = roughness.

Park, Y., Anand, S., Kopf, L. M., Shrivastav, R., & Eddins, D. A. (2022). Interactions between breathy and rough voice qualities and their contributions to overall

dysphonia severity. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00012