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Literacy profiles of adolescents with ASD (McIntyre et al., 2021)
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posted on 2021-01-19, 21:13 authored by Nancy S. McIntyre, Brianne Tomaszewski, Kara A. Hume, Samuel L. OdomPurpose: For many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), postsecondary outcomes are poor. This may be due to insufficient academic supports, particularly with regard to literacy skills, during high school. More information is needed about skill profiles so that we can better differentiate support for students with varying social, communication, cognitive, and academic proficiency levels. This study was designed to (a) identify unique literacy profiles of high school students with ASD, (b) assess profile stability over time, (c) identify predictors of profile membership, and (d) analyze stakeholder reports of required school support intensity.
Method: Participants were a diverse sample of high school students with ASD, 14–21 years old (N = 544), their parents, and their teachers who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive treatment model for high school students with ASD. Standardized measures were administered to assess nonverbal IQ, autism symptomatology, language/adaptive communication, reading comprehension, academic knowledge, and parent/teacher report of school support needs intensity. Latent transition analysis was conducted to examine sample heterogeneity and to explore the stability of the profiles. Associations between profiles and reports of support intensity were examined.
Results: Four literacy profiles were identified that were stable over 2 years: Emergent Literacy/Comprehensive Support, Low Literacy/Intensive Support, Average Literacy/Moderate Support, and Average Literacy/Limited Support. Parent and teacher reports of school support intensity generally aligned with the profiles.
Conclusions: These analyses provide insight into the diverse literacy and support needs in ASD. Implications for practice and the role of speech-language pathologists in assessment and intervention are discussed.
Supplemental Material S1. Support intensity needs by latent profiles at Time 1.
Supplemental Material S2. Support intensity needs by latent profiles at Time 2.
McIntyre, N. S., Tomaszewski, B., Hume, K. A., & Odom, S. L. (2021). Stability of literacy profiles of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and associations with stakeholder perceptions of appropriate high school support needs. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 52(1), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_LSHSS-20-00016
Publisher Note: This article is part of the Forum: Literacy in Autism—Across the Spectrum.
Funding
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, or publication of this article: N. M. was supported by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R324B160038, and the research reported here was funded by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R324C120006 awarded to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The opinions expressed represent those of the authors and do not represent views of the U.S. Department of Education. B. T. was supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health through Grant T32HD040127 and the Department of Defense through Grant W81XWH1910825.
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literacyautism spectrum disorderautismASDadolescentsteenagersperceptionhigh schoolsupportneedspostsecondaryoutcomesacademicskillprofilesocialcommunicationcognitiveproficiencyuniqueassessstabilitypredictorsreportsstudentsparentsteachersrandomized controlled trialcomprehensivetreatmentmodelstandardizedmeasurenonverbal IQsymptomatologyadaptivereadingcomprehensionknowledgeparent/teacher reportheterogeneityclassificationdiversityspeech-language pathologistSLPinterventionpracticeroleLanguage
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