10.23641/asha.12014823.v1 Caroline Larson Caroline Larson David Kaplan David Kaplan Margarita Kaushanskaya Margarita Kaushanskaya Susan Ellis Weismer Susan Ellis Weismer Language and inhibition in language impairment (Larson et al., 2020) ASHA journals 2020 language speech-language pathology inhibition children impairment specific language impairment relationship receptive vocabulary morphological comprehension typically developing peers standardized measures reaction time accuracy intervention clinician clinical Language 2020-03-25 19:06:58 Dataset https://asha.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Language_and_inhibition_in_language_impairment_Larson_et_al_2020_/12014823 <div><b>Background: </b>This study examined predictive relationships between two indices of language—receptive vocabulary and morphological comprehension—and inhibition in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children.</div><div><b>Methods: </b>Participants included 30 children with SLI and 41 TD age-matched peers (8–12 years). At two time points separated by 1 year, we assessed receptive vocabulary and morphological comprehension via standardized language measures and inhibition via a Flanker task. We used Bayesian model averaging and Bayesian regression analytical techniques.</div><div><b>Results: </b>Findings indicated predictive relationships between language indices and inhibition reaction time (RT), but not between language indices and inhibition accuracy. For the SLI group, Year 1 inhibition RT predicted Year 2 morphological comprehension. For the TD group, Year 1 morphological comprehension predicted Year 2 inhibition RT.</div><div><b>Conclusions: </b>This study provides preliminary evidence of a predictive relationship between language and inhibition, but this relationship differed between children with SLI and those with typical development. Findings suggest that inhibition RT played a larger predictive role in later morphological comprehension in children with SLI relative to the other relationships examined. Targeting inhibition skills as a part of language intervention may improve subsequent morphological comprehension.</div><div><br></div><div><b>Supplemental Material S1.</b> Bayesian Model Averaging; BMA Output – Incongruent Condition, Congruent Condition; Bayesian Linear Regression, Incongruent Condition, Congruent Condition. </div><div><br></div><div>Larson, C., Kaplan, D., Kaushanskaya, M., & Ellis Weismer, S. (2020). Language and inhibition: Predictive relationships in children with language impairment relative to typically developing peers. <i>Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.</i> Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00210</div>